New observations on the polar spectrum of human leprosy 1. Clinical types, histopathology, immunology

نویسنده

  • Teodoro Carrada Bravo
چکیده

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripherial nerves, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy clinical diagnosis should be considered whenever skin lesions and sensory loss occur. Recent immunologic research, classic bacteriological methods and histopathology, molecular bacteriology and the Ridley-Jopling (RJ) classifi cation which recognized clinical-types not as separate entities, but merely segments of a wide spectrum ranging from purely localized, hyperergic, tuberculoid (TT) pole, trough the borderline (B) types, to the generalized, anergic lepromatous (LL) pole. Reactive episodes continue to be a serious complication, but the availability of thalidomide and clofazimine to control erythema nodosum leprosum, has much improved the prognosis. This review summarises recent advances in understanding the clinical features and pathogenesis of the disease. RESUMEN La lepra es una infección granulomatosa crónica de la piel y los nervios periféricos, causada por Mycobacterium leprae. El diagnóstico clínico de la lepra debería ser considerado cuando se observe la presencia de lesiones cutáneas con trastornos de la sensibilidad. Con la investigación imunológica, los métodos clásicos de la bacteriología e histopatología, la micobacteriología molecular y la clasifi cación propuesta por Ridley-Jopling (RJ), se reconoció que formas clínicas diversas no son entidades separadas, sino partes de un espectro vasto que recorre desde el polo tuberculoide (TT) más localizado e hiperérgico a través de los tipos intermedios-dimorfos (BB), hasta el polo opuesto lepromatoide (LL) generalizado y enérgico. Los episodios “reaccionales” son todavía una complicación grave, pero con la disponibilidad terapéutica de la talidomida y la clofazimina para apagar el eritema nodoso leproso, se ha logrado mejorar el pronóstico. Esta revisión presenta los avances recientes de la clínica y la patogenia de la enfermedad. * Bacteriology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Center. Correspondence: Teodoro Carrada Bravo MD Tropical Medicine Research Center Bacteriology Research Unit Calzada de los Rincones 694, Las Plazas 36620 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México E-mail: [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2013